The correct option is (c).
Explanation
In India, the conduct of elections is governed by the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951. Section 123 of this Act defines "Corrupt Practices" which, if proven, can lead to the election of a candidate being declared void (rejected) by the High Court. The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) also regulates these actions to ensure a level playing field.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Under Section 123(6) of the RPA, 1951, incurring or authorizing expenditure in contravention of Section 77 (which sets the ceiling on election expenses) is a corrupt practice. If a candidate spends more than the prescribed limit, their election can be declared void.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Appealing to voters in the name of religion, race, caste, community, or language is strictly prohibited under Section 123(3) of the RPA, 1951. It is classified as a corrupt practice. The statement claims this action is "permitted," which is legally false.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Under Section 123(7) of the RPA, 1951, obtaining or procuring assistance from any gazetted officer, revenue officer, or member of the armed forces (i.e., using government resources/machinery) for the furtherance of election prospects is a corrupt practice. This action leads to the rejection of the election.
Key Takeaway: The Representation of the People Act, 1951 defines specific corrupt practices-including exceeding expenditure limits, appealing to religion/caste, and misusing government machinery-that serve as legal grounds for declaring an election void.