x 2 + ( 2 − λ ) x + ( 10 − λ ) = 0 {x}^{2}+(2-\lambda )x+(10-\lambda )=0 x 2 + ( 2 − λ ) x + ( 10 − λ ) = 0
\Rightarrow \alpha +\beta =\lambda -2&\alpha \beta =10-\lambda ..........(i)
Let roots are α a n d β \alpha and \beta α an d β .
⇒ α 3 + β 3 = ( α + β ) 3 − 3 α β ( α + β ) \Rightarrow {\alpha }^{3}+{\beta }^{3}={(\alpha +\beta )}^{3}-3\alpha \beta (\alpha +\beta ) ⇒ α 3 + β 3 = ( α + β ) 3 − 3 α β ( α + β )
= ( λ − 2 ) 3 − 3 ( 10 − λ ) ( λ − 2 ) ={(\lambda -2)}^{3}-3(10-\lambda )(\lambda -2) = ( λ − 2 ) 3 − 3 ( 10 − λ ) ( λ − 2 )
= λ 3 − 6 λ 2 + 12 λ − 8 − 3 ( 10 λ − λ 2 − 20 + 2 λ ) = {\lambda }^{3}-{6\lambda }^{2}+12\lambda -8-3(10\lambda -{\lambda }^{2}-20+2\lambda ) = λ 3 − 6 λ 2 + 12 λ − 8 − 3 ( 10 λ − λ 2 − 20 + 2 λ )
= λ 3 − 3 λ 2 − 24 λ + 52 = {\lambda }^{3}-{3\lambda }^{2}-24\lambda +52 = λ 3 − 3 λ 2 − 24 λ + 52
d z d λ = 3 λ 2 − 6 λ − 24 = 3 ( λ 2 − 2 λ − 8 ) \frac{dz}{d\lambda }=3{\lambda }^{2}-6\lambda -24=3({\lambda }^{2}-2\lambda -8) d λ d z = 3 λ 2 − 6 λ − 24 = 3 ( λ 2 − 2 λ − 8 ) (where, z = α 3 + β 3 z={\alpha }^{3}+{\beta }^{3} z = α 3 + β 3 )
For maximum and critical points, derivative must be zero.
⇒ λ 2 − 2 λ − 8 = 0 \Rightarrow {\lambda }^{2}-2\lambda -8=0 ⇒ λ 2 − 2 λ − 8 = 0
⇒ ( λ − 4 ) ( λ + 2 ) = 0 \Rightarrow (\lambda -4)(\lambda +2)=0 ⇒ ( λ − 4 ) ( λ + 2 ) = 0
⇒ λ = − 2 , 4 \Rightarrow \lambda =-2,4 ⇒ λ = − 2 , 4
Now, d 2 z d λ 2 = 6 λ − 6 \frac{{d}^{2}z}{d{\lambda }^{2}}=6\lambda -6 d λ 2 d 2 z = 6 λ − 6
For ( λ = − 2 ) , d 2 z d λ 2 < 0 ⇒ α 3 + β 3 (\lambda =-2),\frac{{d}^{2}z}{d{\lambda }^{2}}<0\Rightarrow {\alpha }^{3}+{\beta }^{3} ( λ = − 2 ) , d λ 2 d 2 z < 0 ⇒ α 3 + β 3 is maximum and
For ( λ = 4 ) , d 2 z d λ 2 > 0 ⇒ α 3 + β 3 (\lambda =4),\frac{{d}^{2}z}{d{\lambda }^{2}}>0\Rightarrow {\alpha }^{3}+{\beta }^{3} ( λ = 4 ) , d λ 2 d 2 z > 0 ⇒ α 3 + β 3 is minimum.
⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒ Equation will be x 2 − 2 x + 6 = 0 {x}^{2}-2x+6=0 x 2 − 2 x + 6 = 0 .
Using quadratic formula, we get
x = 2 ± ( − 2 ) 2 − 4 × 1 × 6 2 × 1 = 2 ± − 20 2 = 2 ± 2 5 i 2 = 1 ± 5 i x=\frac{2\pm \sqrt{{(-2)}^{2}-4\times 1\times 6}}{2\times 1}=\frac{2\pm \sqrt{-20}}{2}=\frac{2\pm 2\sqrt{5}i}{2}=1\pm \sqrt{5}i x = 2 × 1 2 ± ( − 2 ) 2 − 4 × 1 × 6 = 2 2 ± − 20 = 2 2 ± 2 5 i = 1 ± 5 i
Thus, difference of roots is ∣ α − β ∣ = 2 5 |\alpha -\beta |=2\sqrt{5} ∣ α − β ∣ = 2 5