Correct Option
All three organisms listed-bat, bee, and bird-are recognized as significant pollinating agents in various ecosystems.
Bats are crucial pollinators, particularly for night-blooming flowers in tropical and desert environments. This process is known as chiropterophily.
Bees are among the most vital and widespread pollinators. They facilitate pollen transfer between flowers while foraging for nectar and pollen, a process termed entomophily.
Birds, such as hummingbirds and sunbirds, also serve as important pollinators, especially for flowers adapted to avian visitation. This form of pollination is called ornithophily.
These animal interactions are essential for the sexual reproduction of many flowering plants, contributing significantly to biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
Incorrect Options
Option (a) "1 and 2 only" is incorrect because birds (3) are also significant pollinating agents.
Option (b) "2 only" is incorrect because bats (1) and birds (3) also act as pollinators.
Option (c) "1 and 3 only" is incorrect because bees (2) are primary and highly effective pollinators in numerous ecosystems.