Correct Option (a):
Statement 1 is correct. Caffeine, a naturally occurring stimulant found in beverages like tea and coffee, is known to possess diuretic properties. It stimulates the central nervous system and can lead to increased urine production by the kidneys.
Statement 2 is correct. Citric acid is a common food additive widely used in the production of soft drinks. It serves multiple purposes, including enhancing flavor by providing a tart or sour taste, and acting as a preservative due to its acidic nature.
Incorrect Options:
Statement 3 is incorrect. Ascorbic acid, commonly known as Vitamin C, is vital for numerous physiological processes such as collagen synthesis, wound healing, and strengthening the immune system. However, the primary nutrients essential for the formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth are calcium and Vitamin D, not ascorbic acid.
Statement 4 is incorrect. Citric acid is not a nutritional substitute for ascorbic acid. While both are organic acids found in citrus fruits, only ascorbic acid is an essential vitamin (Vitamin C) required for specific metabolic functions in the human body, including antioxidant activity and enzyme co-factor roles. Citric acid, though part of the Krebs cycle, does not fulfill the vitamin requirements met by ascorbic acid.