Correct Option (B):
Ribosomes are the primary sites for protein synthesis within a cell. They are responsible for translating messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into polypeptide chains. The Endoplasmic Reticulum, particularly the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its surface. The RER plays a crucial role in the synthesis and initial folding of proteins that are destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to other organelles.
Incorrect Options:
Option 1 (Lysosome and Centrosome): Lysosomes are involved in intracellular digestion and the breakdown of cellular waste products. Centrosomes are primarily associated with cell division, forming the spindle fibers. Neither organelle plays a direct role in protein synthesis.
Option 3 (Golgi apparatus and Mitochondria): The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids, but it does not synthesize them. Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell, responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production, not protein synthesis.
Option 4 (Lysosome and Mitochondria): As explained, lysosomes are involved in digestive processes, and mitochondria are involved in energy production. Therefore, they do not play a significant role in protein synthesis.