Correct Option
C. Respiration, specifically cellular respiration, is the metabolic process that occurs in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The primary site for aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells is the mitochondria.
Incorrect Options
A. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy. This vital process occurs within the chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for absorbing sunlight.
B. Mineral uptake by plant cells involves the absorption of essential inorganic ions from the soil. This process is primarily regulated by the plasma membrane, which acts as a selective barrier and contains specific transport proteins to facilitate the movement of minerals into the cell.
D. Protein synthesis is the fundamental process by which cells generate new proteins. This process, involving the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, takes place on ribosomes, which are macromolecular machines found in all living cells.
Option 1 (1234) is incorrect because it matches Photosynthesis (A) with Plasma membrane (1). Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, not the plasma membrane.
Option 2 (1243) is incorrect because it mismatches Respiration (C) with Ribosomes (4) and Protein synthesis (D) with Mitochondria (3). Respiration is carried out in mitochondria, while protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes.
Option 4 (2142) is incorrect because it matches Protein synthesis (D) with Chloroplast (2). Protein synthesis is the function of ribosomes, whereas chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis.