Correct Option (A)
The practice of military governorship was first introduced in India by the Greeks. Following Alexander's invasion, the Hellenistic rulers established a system of military governors, often referred to as 'strategos' or 'satrap', to administer the conquered territories. This system involved military officials holding significant administrative authority, a departure from pre-existing Indian administrative structures.
Incorrect Options:
The Shakas, while establishing their rule in parts of India, adopted and adapted existing administrative systems, including the satrap system, but did not originate the concept of military governorship in the subcontinent. Their administration often involved a blend of indigenous and foreign practices.
The Parthians had a limited direct presence and influence in India compared to the Greeks and Shakas. Their administrative contributions were not foundational to the introduction of military governorship.
The Mughals, much later, established a highly centralized administrative system with a clear distinction between military and civil functions, although military officers often held civil posts. However, their system was developed much after the initial introduction of military governorship by the Greeks.