IAS 2026 — History Ancient History

What does an empty seat represent in early Buddhist iconography?

Which of the following pairs of ancient and modern names of rivers is/are correctly matched? Ancient Name | Modern Name 1. Vitasta | Chenab 2. Asikni | Jhelum 3. Parushni | Ravi 4. Yavyavati | Beas Select the answer using the code given below :

Consider the following statements about the archaeological findings in Harappan towns: 1. There is wide occurrence of spindle-whorls in the houses but absence of spinning wheels. 2. Weights and measurement scales, complete with graduations have been discovered. 3. There are houses built in large part with baked bricks, around relatively spacious courtyards, with their own wells, bathing platforms, and large rooms. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements? 1. Statement I suggests that spinning was a laborious activity done at home. 2. Statement II suggests the extent of the scientific knowledge that the Harappans possessed. 3. Statement III suggests the emergence of a common property system. Select the answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements about the Rigvedic period: 1. Irrigation from wells allowed agriculture to expand away from flood plains and strips on river margins into the present Punjab and Haryana plains having underground water levels reasonably close to the surface. 2. Draught-animal power was employed to draw up water out of the wells. Which of the following information support/supports the above statements? 1. There is evidence in the Rigveda of the use of ashma chakra (stone pulley wheel) and ahava (strapped wooden pails) to draw up water. 2. Mention has been made in the Rigveda of the use of implements like parashu / kulisha (axe) and datra / sreni (sickle). 3. There is a history of the use of ox, even before the Rigveda, for ploughing the land and pulling the carts. Select the answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements relating to the use of the place-value system in India: 1. The earliest epigraphic use of the place-value system in India is found in the Mankani plates from Gujarat (AD 595 – 596). 2. In the ninth century, place-values become general in inscriptions all over India. 3. The place-values have been found in Sanskrit inscriptions in South-east Asia as early as the seventh century. Which of the statements given above are correct?