Given A=[1231]
Finding A2:
A2=A×A
=[1231]×[1231]
=[(1)(1)+(3)(2)(2)(1)+(1)(2)(1)(3)+(3)(1)(2)(3)+(1)(1)]
=[7467]
Finding 2A:
2A=2×[1231]
=[2462]
Finding A2−2A:
A2−2A=[7467]−[2462]
=[7−24−46−67−2]
=[5005]
Finding the determinant:
det(A2−2A)=5005
=(5)(5)−(0)(0)
=25
Therefore, det(A2−2A)=25