NCERT Class 12 Environment & Ecology — Chapter 2: Biodiversity and Conservation

Which of the following categories is/are NOT matched correctly with an example benefit? 1. Narrowly utilitarian - Firewood and pharmaceuticals 2. Broadly utilitarian - Biopiracy and patenting 3. Ethical - Pricing ecosystem services Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I | List II A. Birds | 1. 12% B. Mammals | 2. 23% C. Amphibians | 3. 31% D. Gymnosperms | 4. 32%

Which forest biome is often referred to as the 'lungs of the planet' due to its vast oxygen production?

In India, which geographical region exhibits a greater diversity of amphibian species compared to the Eastern Ghats?

Among animals, which taxonomic group accounts for the highest species richness?

Which group of organisms has a global species count exceeding that of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals combined?

In a largely tropical forest, which of the following taxonomic groups is most likely to have the highest number of undiscovered species?

Consider the following statements regarding global biodiversity: 1. Less than 0.5 million species have been described globally. 2. A widely cited estimate places total global species diversity at about 7 million. 3. Species inventories are generally more complete in temperate regions than in tropical regions. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the composition of Earth’s recorded biodiversity, which of the following is correct?

Assertion (A): Species diversity generally decreases from the equator towards the poles. Reason (R): Tropical environments are relatively more constant and less seasonal, promoting niche specialisation.

Which of the following attributes indicate stability in a biological community? 1. Inability to recover from occasional disturbances 2. Low inter-annual variation in productivity 3. High susceptibility to invasive alien species Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Loss of biodiversity in a region is generally associated with which of the following? 1. Decline in plant production 2. Increased resistance to environmental perturbations 3. Increased variability in certain ecosystem processes Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which one of the following correctly lists species that became extinct in recent centuries?

Which of the following is NOT part of the “Evil Quartet” causing biodiversity loss?

What term describes the diversity observed at the genetic level within a single species across its distributional range?

Which medicinal plant exhibits significant genetic diversity in the potency and concentration of the chemical reserpine?

Which of the following is an example of an invasive plant causing ecological damage in India?

Which scientist proposed the widely cited estimate of approximately 7 million global species?

Which of the following countries is likely to have greater ecosystem diversity due to varied geographical relief?

Which flightless bird, native to Mauritius, became extinct due to human activity?

In the species-area relationship equation, what is the typical range of the slope of the line for most taxonomic groups?

Which carnivorous marsupial, native to Australia, is considered extinct?

For frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests of different continents, the slope of the species-area line is found to be approximately:

Which invasive aquatic plant is commonly known as the 'Terror of Bengal' or Water Hyacinth?

Among the 'Evil Quartet', which factor is considered the most significant driver of biodiversity loss?

Tropical rain forests, which once covered more than 14 % of the Earth's land surface, now cover approximately:

Which latitudinal range defines the tropical zone, known for harbouring high biodiversity?

Which one of the following is a defining attribute of a biodiversity hotspot?