Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
The "Big Bang Theory" assumes that in the beginning, all matter existed in one place in the form of a "tiny ball". Which of the following properties are attributed to this "tiny ball"? 1. Unimaginably small volume 2. Absolute zero temperature 3. Very low density Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following pairs regarding the origin of the earth and universe: Pair | Theory/Hypothesis | Proponent 1. | Nebular Hypothesis | Immanuel Kant 2. | Expanding Universe | Edwin Hubble 3. | Steady State | Hoyle 4. | Binary Star Theory | Laplace How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Which phenomenon was primarily responsible for the loss of the primordial atmosphere (hydrogen and helium) from the early Earth?
Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the state of the Earth during its primordial stage?
With reference to the early universe, which statement correctly describes the distribution of matter and density?
Consider the following statements regarding the "Singularity" in the Big Bang Theory: 1. It refers to the state of the universe after the Big Bang. 2. It occupied a point of unimaginably small volume. 3. It possessed infinite density and temperature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of the Big Bang theory, what does the term "Singularity" refer to?
Consider the following statements regarding the formation of the Earth's core: 1. It consists of lighter materials like silica. 2. It was formed through the process of differentiation. 3. It was formed due to the process of degassing. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the Early Theories of the origin of the earth: 1. Otto Schmidt and Carl Weizascar revised the nebular hypothesis to include the role of a solar nebula consisting mostly of nitrogen and oxygen. 2. The Nebular Hypothesis was first proposed by Immanuel Kant and later revised by Laplace. 3. The revised nebular hypothesis suggested that planets were formed through the process of degassing. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the "Big Bang Theory", consider the following statements: 1. It is also known as the expanding universe hypothesis. 2. Edwin Hubble provided evidence in 1850 that the universe is expanding. 3. The theory posits that while the distance between galaxies is increasing, the galaxies themselves do not expand in size. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following scientists is associated with the concept of "Steady State", considered an alternative to the expanding universe hypothesis?
Consider the following statements regarding the events of the Big Bang Theory: 1. The universe became transparent immediately after the Big Bang explosion. 2. The formation of the first atom occurred within 300,000 years of the Big Bang. 3. The temperature dropped to 4,500 K allowing atomic matter to form. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the formation of stars, consider the following statements: 1. A galaxy starts to form by the accumulation of helium gas in the form of a nebula. 2. The initial density differences in the early universe gave rise to differences in gravitational forces. 3. The formation of stars is believed to have taken place about 13.7 billion years ago. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the stages in the development of planets: 1. In the first stage, a gas core forms with a huge rotating disc of gas and dust around it. 2. In the second stage, matter condenses into large-rounded objects called gas giants. 3. In the final stage, planetesimals accrete to form larger bodies called planets. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which geological process explains the separation of Earth's forming material into different layers based on density?
With reference to the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere, consider the following statements: 1. The primordial atmosphere consisted chiefly of nitrogen and oxygen. 2. The early atmosphere was stripped off by solar winds. 3. This loss of primordial atmosphere occurred on Earth as well as other terrestrial planets. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the revised Nebular Hypothesis proposed by Schmidt and Weizsäcker, the solar nebula was considered to be primarily composed of:
Consider the following statements regarding the "Light Year": 1. It is a measure of distance equal to one year of light travel. 2. One light year is approximately equal to 9.461 × 10^10 km. 3. The mean distance between the sun and the earth is about 8.311 light minutes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which one of the following represents the correct sequence of the stages in the evolution of the present atmosphere?
The "Giant Impact" event during the formation of the Moon facilitated which of the following geological processes on Earth?
Which of the following statements correctly describes "Planetesimals"?
Which geological process is responsible for the density-based stratification of the Earth's interior?
The "Nebular Hypothesis" is primarily associated with the origin of which of the following?
Consider the following statements regarding the density of Earth's layers: 1. The atmospheric matter has the least density. 2. The density of material decreases from the crust to the core. 3. The Earth's interior has zones with different material characteristics. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which space agency launched the "Stardust" mission to collect samples from a comet?
In cosmology, the theory explaining the origin and continuous expansion of the universe from an initial singular state is alternatively known as which of the following?
In the context of the standard model of planet formation, the development of "Planetesimals" occurs at which stage?
Consider the following statements regarding the early atmosphere: 1. It was rich in free oxygen. 2. It contained large amounts of water vapour and carbon dioxide. 3. It was modified by the process of photosynthesis. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following gases was NOT a primary constituent released during the primordial degassing of the Earth?
Which process primarily contributed to the formation of the Earth's oceans?
Consider the following statements regarding the "Nebular Hypothesis": 1. It was revised by Laplace. 2. It considered that planets were formed out of a cloud of material associated with an old sun. 3. The sun was assumed to be stationary. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched regarding the evolution of lithosphere? 1. Differentiation : Separation of earth material into layers 2. Accretion : Formation of planets 3. Degassing : Formation of the core 4. Photosynthesis : Formation of the crust Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Evidence of early life on Earth is preserved in the geological record primarily in the form of:
Consider the following statements regarding the "Star Formation": 1. Galaxies spread over vast distances measured in light-years. 2. A galaxy contains a small number of stars. 3. Growing nebula develops localised clumps of gas which grow into denser gaseous bodies to form stars. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which scientist is credited with providing the observational evidence for the expansion of the universe?
Through which process do planetesimals aggregate to form larger planetary bodies?
Consider the following statements regarding the evolution of the Earth's lithosphere: 1. The earth was mostly in a solid state during its primordial stage. 2. The temperature inside increased due to a gradual increase in density. 3. The material inside started getting separated depending on their densities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following is NOT considered a compositional layer of the Earth's interior?
The "Giant Impact" hypothesis primarily explains the origin of which celestial body?
With reference to the "Steady State" theory of the universe, which of the following statements is correct?
What is the value of a "Light Year" in terms of distance?
Consider the following statements regarding the sequence of events in the Big Bang theory: 1. The expansion of the universe was rapid initially. 2. The first atom formed before the expansion slowed down. 3. The temperature dropped significantly after the initial explosion. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following theories regarding the origin and evolution of the universe is currently most accepted by the scientific community?
Consider the following statements regarding the "Planetesimals": 1. They are formed by the disintegration of small-rounded objects. 2. They are smaller than the final planets. 3. They accrete to form planets. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the revised Nebular Hypothesis, which of the following was NOT considered a major constituent of the primordial solar nebula?
How did the onset of photosynthesis influence the evolution of the Earth's early atmosphere?
Which event is widely accepted as the cause of the Moon's formation?
What does the unit "Light Year" measure?
Consider the following statements about the "Nebula" in star formation: 1. It develops uniform distribution of gas without clumps. 2. It is a cloud of hydrogen gas. 3. These clumps dissipate into the surrounding space. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which physical process is primarily responsible for the formation of planetesimals from the solar nebula?
Which of the following characteristics did NOT belong to the Earth during its primordial stage?