The correct option is Edwin Hubble.
Explanation
The question pertains to the Modern Theory regarding the origin and evolution of the universe, specifically the Big Bang Theory (Expanding Universe Hypothesis). This is distinct from early theories that focused primarily on the formation of the Earth and the Solar System.Detailed Analysis:
- Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant: Incorrect. Kant is associated with the Nebular Hypothesis, an early theory concerning the origin of the Earth. He proposed that planets formed from a rotating cloud of gas (nebula), but he did not provide evidence for the universe's expansion.
- Edwin Hubble Edwin Hubble: Correct. In 1920, Edwin Hubble provided observational evidence that the universe is expanding. He demonstrated that galaxies are moving away from each other and that the distance between them is increasing over time. This observation provided the physical basis for the Big Bang Theory.
- Otto Schmidt Otto Schmidt: Incorrect. A Russian scientist who, along with Carl Weizascar, revised the Nebular Hypothesis. He suggested that the sun was surrounded by a solar nebula containing gas and dust, leading to planet formation via accretion. His work focused on the Solar System.
- Carl Weizascar Carl Weizascar: Incorrect. A German scientist who worked with Otto Schmidt to revise the Nebular Hypothesis regarding the formation of the Solar System, not the expansion of the universe.
Key Takeaway:
Edwin Hubble is credited with the evidence for the expansion of the universe (Modern Theory), whereas Immanuel Kant, Otto Schmidt, and Carl Weizascar are associated with theories regarding the origin of the Solar System (Early Theories).