The correct option is (a) 1 and 2 only.
Explanation
The Young Bengal Movement was a radical intellectual trend among the youth in Bengal during the late 1820s and 1830s. It emerged as a reaction against the prevailing social and religious orthodoxy of Hindu society.
Statement 1 is Correct: The movement was led by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, an Anglo-Indian teacher at the Hindu College, Calcutta, from 1826 to 1831. He was a charismatic figure who deeply influenced his students, collectively known as the "Derozians."
Statement 2 is Correct: Derozio inspired his students to think freely and rationally. Drawing inspiration from the French Revolution, he encouraged them to question all authority, cherish liberty, equality, and freedom, and worship truth. The movement emphasized rationalism and the rejection of dogma.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Derozians did not adhere to orthodox customs; rather, they vehemently opposed them. They publicly attacked old traditions, denounced religious rites, and challenged the caste system. To demonstrate their rejection of orthodoxy, many members deliberately violated social taboos, such as eating beef and drinking wine, which alienated them from the broader society.
Key Takeaway: The Young Bengal Movement was characterized by radical rationalism and a total rejection of traditional Hindu orthodoxy, distinguishing it from more moderate reform movements like the Brahmo Samaj.