The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The question pertains to the use of stone in construction and other applications within the Indus Valley Civilization, specifically contrasting its use with that of brick and examining its presence at sites like Dholavira.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1: Stone structural remains are completely absent at the site of Dholavira.
Incorrect. Archaeological evidence from Dholavira indicates the significant use of stone in construction. For instance, the city's fortifications, reservoirs, and some residential structures incorporated dressed stone. This contradicts the assertion that stone structural remains are completely absent.
- Statement 2: The use of stone for large-scale monumental architecture was generally rare in the Indus Valley compared to brick.
Correct. While stone was used, particularly at sites like Dholavira, the predominant building material for large-scale structures and monumental architecture across most Indus Valley sites was baked and sun-dried bricks. Stone was often reserved for foundations, drains, or specific architectural elements rather than being the primary material for entire monumental structures.
- Statement 3: Stone was used only for making statues and seals.
Incorrect. Stone was utilized for various purposes beyond statues and seals. These included weights, tools, querns, grinding stones, and architectural elements such as foundations, drains, and even parts of walls, as seen at Dholavira. Therefore, limiting its use solely to statues and seals is inaccurate.
Key Takeaway
The Indus Valley Civilization primarily utilized bricks for large-scale construction, with stone having a more limited, though significant, role in specific architectural features and other artifacts, not solely restricted to statues and seals.