The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The "Painted Earthen Jar" found at Mohenjodaro is a quintessential example of the pottery tradition of the Indus Valley Civilization. It demonstrates the advanced use of the potter's wheel and the aesthetic sensibilities of the Harappan artisans, particularly in the category of Red and Black ware.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: While the jar was initially formed on a potter's wheel, the specific contours and final shape were manipulated by the pressure of the potter's fingers. This manual intervention allowed for a more refined and customized form beyond the basic wheel-thrown shape.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The jar was not fired at a low temperature to maintain a soft texture. Indus Valley pottery is characterized by being well-baked and sturdy. After baking, the jar underwent high polishing as a finishing touch, rather than being left soft or under-fired.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The decorative elements on the jar are painted in black over a red background. The motifs specifically include vegetal patterns (flora) and geometric forms, which are standard features of the painted pottery from this period.
Key Takeaway:
The Painted Earthen Jar from Mohenjodaro is characterized by its wheel-made origin, manual shaping by fingers, well-baked durability, and distinct black-on-red decoration featuring vegetal and geometric motifs.