The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Indian economy is broadly classified into organised and unorganised sectors based on the terms of employment and government registration. The unorganised sector consists of small, scattered units that operate largely outside the formal regulatory framework.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: A predominant proportion of the Indian workforce is employed in the unorganised sector. Statistical data consistently indicates that over 90% of workers in India are engaged in informal or unorganised employment, including agriculture, small-scale manufacturing, and casual labour.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Globalisation has not resulted in a massive shift of workers into the secure organised sector. Conversely, the pressure of global competition has encouraged cost-cutting measures, leading many organised sector firms to outsource production to the unorganised sector or hire contract labour. This trend is known as the "informalisation of the workforce," where secure, formal jobs are replaced or supplemented by insecure, informal arrangements.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The defining characteristics of the unorganised sector include low wages, irregular employment, and a lack of job security. Workers in this sector generally do not have access to social security benefits such as provident funds, health insurance, paid leave, or pension schemes.
Key Takeaway:
Despite economic growth driven by globalisation, the Indian labour market remains heavily skewed towards the unorganised sector, which is marked by a lack of job security and social protection.