Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) was the first mass-based political movement under Mahatma Gandhi, grounded in the principle of Ahimsa (non-violence). The movement was abruptly terminated following a specific violent event, highlighting Gandhi's strict adherence to non-violent means.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi did not call off the movement due to the arrest of the Ali Brothers. The immediate and sole cause for the withdrawal was the outbreak of violence at Chauri Chaura. Gandhi believed that the masses had not yet fully understood the method of non-violence and that the movement was degenerating into mob violence.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 5, 1922, in the Gorakhpur district of the United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh). A procession of volunteers was fired upon by the police. In retaliation, an agitated mob of peasants attacked and set fire to the police station, resulting in the death of 22 policemen.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. The British government did not hesitate to arrest Gandhi following the withdrawal. Taking advantage of the sudden suspension of the movement and the resulting demoralization within the nationalist ranks, the government arrested Mahatma Gandhi on March 10, 1922. He was tried and sentenced to six years of imprisonment.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: The Non-Cooperation Movement was formally withdrawn through the Bardoli Resolution in February 1922 solely because of the violation of the non-violent creed during the Chauri Chaura incident.