The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The architecture of Bengal is characterized by the use of locally available materials such as brick and terracotta, given the scarcity of stone in the alluvial plains. The style evolved through various phases, absorbing influences from Buddhist, Hindu, and Islamic traditions, while retaining distinct indigenous features derived from vernacular bamboo structures.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The Pala rulers (8th to 12th centuries CE) were prominent patrons of Buddhism. They supported the construction of massive monastic sites (mahaviharas) such as Somapura Mahavihara (Paharpur) and Vikramashila. During this period, the style of temple architecture in the region, often referred to as the Vanga style, continued to develop, expressing local artistic sensibilities alongside the dominant Buddhist themes.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The famous terracotta temples of Vishnupur (Bishnupur) do not date back to the Gupta period (4th-6th century CE). Instead, they were constructed much later, primarily during the 17th and 18th centuries under the patronage of the Malla kings. These temples are associated with the revival of Gaudiya Vaishnavism and are renowned for their intricate terracotta panels depicting scenes from the epics and Puranas.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
The sloping roof style of bamboo huts was extensively adopted in stone and brick architecture. A defining feature of Bengal temple architecture is the translation of the curved cornice and sloping roof of traditional bamboo huts into permanent materials. This resulted in the dochala (two-roofed) and chauchala (four-roofed) styles. This "Bangla roof" feature was so distinct that it was later adopted into Mughal architecture (e.g., the Bangla dome).
Key Takeaway:
Bengal temple architecture is distinguished by the adaptation of the vernacular bamboo hut's curved roof into brick and terracotta structures, a style that flourished particularly under the Malla dynasty in the late medieval period, long after the Gupta age.