Correct Option
The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of government. While originally providing for a two-tier system (Centre and States), the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of 1992 added a third tier of governance at the local level (Panchayats and Municipalities).
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: India has a federal structure with governance functioning at three distinct levels: the National (Union) level, the State level, and the Local level (Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies). This decentralization ensures that governance reaches the grassroots level.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The State Government is not formed by members nominated by local government bodies. Members of the State Legislative Assembly (MLAs) are directly elected by the people of the state through universal adult suffrage. While some members of the State Legislative Council (in states where it exists) are elected by members of local bodies, the executive government itself is formed based on the majority in the popularly elected Legislative Assembly.
Key Takeaway: India follows a three-tier federal structure comprising the Union, State, and Local governments. Each level has its own specific powers and responsibilities, and State Governments are formed through direct elections by the citizens, not by nomination from local bodies.