With reference to the relationship between the Legislature and the Executive in a parliamentary democracy, which one of the following statements is…

Correct Option

The correct option is

The Legislature authorizes and supervises the work of the Executive

Explanation

In a parliamentary form of government, there is a fusion of powers rather than a strict separation of powers. The Executive is an integral part of the Legislature and derives its legitimacy and authority from it. A core principle of this system is the accountability of the Executive to the Legislature.

Statement-wise Analysis

• Statement The Executive authorizes the functioning of the Legislature is Incorrect. In a parliamentary democracy, the Executive does not authorize the Legislature. Instead, the Executive requires the authorization of the Legislature to enact laws, pass the budget, and implement policies. The Legislature controls the finances (power of the purse), without which the Executive cannot function.
• Statement The Legislature consists solely of opposition members, while the Executive consists of ruling party members is Incorrect. The Legislature comprises all elected (and nominated) representatives, including members of the ruling party and the opposition. The Executive (Council of Ministers) is formed by the members of the majority party or coalition within the Legislature. Therefore, the Legislature is a larger body containing the Executive.
• Statement The Legislature authorizes and supervises the work of the Executive is Correct. The Legislature exercises control and supervision over the Executive through various mechanisms such as Question Hour, debates, parliamentary committees, and motions (e.g., No-Confidence Motion, Censure Motion). Furthermore, the Executive cannot spend money or levy taxes without the approval (authorization) of the Legislature.
• Statement The Legislature and the Executive are independent bodies with no overlapping functions is Incorrect. This statement describes a Presidential system (like in the USA), where the Legislature and Executive are distinct, independent bodies with a strict separation of powers. In a parliamentary system, there is a significant overlap in functions and personnel between the two organs.

Key Takeaway: The defining feature of a parliamentary democracy is the collective responsibility of the Executive to the Legislature, ensuring that the administration remains accountable to the people's representatives.