The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Constitution of India incorporates specific provisions to ensure the independence and impartiality of the judiciary. These provisions protect judges from political influence and unwarranted attacks while balancing the need for judicial accountability.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: Judges do not possess absolute immunity from all forms of criticism. While the Constitution and the Contempt of Courts Act protect the dignity of the court, fair and reasonable criticism of a judicial act or judgment is permissible. It is considered a part of the freedom of speech and expression, provided it does not scandalize the court or lower its authority.
Statement 2 is Correct: Article 121 of the Constitution prohibits any discussion in Parliament regarding the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of their duties. The only exception to this rule is when a motion for presenting an address to the President praying for the removal of the Judge (impeachment) is under consideration.
Statement 3 is Correct: The Supreme Court (under Article 129) and High Courts (under Article 215) are designated as Courts of Record. This status confers upon them the power to punish for contempt of court, which serves as a mechanism to enforce their orders and maintain the authority and dignity of the judiciary.
Key Takeaway: Judicial independence is secured by banning Parliamentary discussion on the conduct of judges (Article 121) and granting the power to punish for contempt (Article 129/215), though this does not preclude fair public criticism of judgments.