Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The Stupa is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics, used as a place of meditation. While it became a central symbol of Buddhism, its architectural and cultural roots lie in ancient Indian burial customs.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The tradition of erecting stupas was not exclusively Buddhist. It originated from the pre-Buddhist custom of raising earthen mounds (tumuli) over the charred remains of the dead. Vedic literature mentions such burial mounds. Additionally, the Jains also erected stupas in the early period (e.g., at Mathura), indicating the practice existed outside of Buddhism.
- Statement 2 is Correct: In Buddhism, stupas were specifically constructed to enshrine the sacred bodily relics (sarira) of the Buddha or his major disciples. Due to the presence of these relics, the stupa came to be venerated as the living presence of the Buddha and became a primary emblem of the Buddhist faith, symbolizing his Parinirvana.
Key Takeaway
The Stupa evolved from pre-Buddhist burial mounds into a religious monument in Buddhism, serving as a reliquary for sacred remains and a symbol of the Buddha's final liberation.