The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The "Mother Goddess" figurines are among the most significant terracotta artifacts recovered from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), particularly from sites like Mohenjo-Daro. These figurines are believed to represent a fertility deity and are distinct examples of the crude, folk-style art prevalent in the civilization, contrasting with the more refined stone and bronze sculptures.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The terracotta figurines of the Indus Valley are characterized by eyes made of separate clay pellets applied to the face. This "pellet eye" technique is a standard stylistic feature of Harappan terracotta art.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The nose on the Mother Goddess figurines is typically formed by pinching the clay, resulting in a sharp, beak-like appearance. It is not depicted as flat and broad; rather, the pinched nose is a prominent, protruding feature.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Unlike the realistic and sophisticated bronze (e.g., Dancing Girl) or stone sculptures (e.g., Bearded Priest), the terracotta figurines are hand-modeled and generally considered crude in execution. Despite this, they possess distinct stylistic features such as elaborate fan-shaped headdresses, heavy jewelry, and cup-like projections, making them easily identifiable.
Key Takeaway:
The Indus Valley Mother Goddess figurines are characterized by crude modeling, pellet eyes, a beak-like nose, and elaborate fan-shaped headdresses, distinguishing them from the realistic anatomical depictions found in Harappan stone and bronze works.