The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
The Kalakacharyakatha (The Story of Teacher Kalaka) is a prominent non-canonical text in the Jain tradition, written primarily in Prakrit and Sanskrit. It is historically significant for narrating the interaction between Indian rulers and the Shakas (Scythians) and is a favorite subject in the Western Indian School of Jain miniature paintings.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct. The central narrative of the text revolves around the Jain monk Acharya Kalaka. His sister, a Jain nun named Sarasvati, was abducted by the powerful King Gardabhilla of Ujjain. The story details Kalaka's journey to rescue her and his revenge against the king.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect. The story involves supernatural elements, specifically the "Gardabhi Vidya" (She-Ass Magic) possessed by King Gardabhilla, which could kill soldiers with its braying. Kalaka counters this by advising the Shaka archers to shoot into the donkey's mouth. However, the specific motif of a "magical horse that flies over the ocean" is not a part of this narrative; Kalaka is described as traveling across the Indus river to the land of the Shakas (Scythians) to seek their military aid.
- Statement 3 is Correct. This statement refers to the iconographic conventions found in Jain manuscripts (such as the Kalpasutra and Kalakacharyakatha illustrations). In the paintings depicting the siege of Ujjain, King Gardabhilla is characteristically depicted sitting inside a stylized circular fort or city wall, while the Shaka archers surround the perimeter to attack the magical donkey.
Key Takeaway:
The Kalakacharyakatha is a Jain text narrating the overthrow of King Gardabhilla of Ujjain by the Shakas at the instigation of Acharya Kalaka. It is a critical source for studying the Western Indian style of manuscript painting, particularly the depiction of the "circular fort" during the siege of Ujjain.