Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual publication by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It evaluates development not merely by economic richness but by the richness of human life. The report utilizes the Human Development Index (HDI), a composite statistic developed by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen, to measure average achievement in key dimensions of human development.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The HDR does not rely on per capita income alone. While income (Standard of Living) is a component, relying solely on it characterizes the traditional economic growth approach, which the HDR was designed to transcend by including social indicators.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Health status is one of the three core dimensions of the Human Development Index. It is quantitatively measured by Life Expectancy at Birth, representing the capability to live a long and healthy life.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The index does not exclude educational levels; rather, knowledge is a primary dimension. Education is measured using two indicators: Mean Years of Schooling (for adults aged 25 and older) and Expected Years of Schooling (for children of school-entering age).
Key Takeaway
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a geometric mean of normalized indices for three dimensions: Health (Life Expectancy), Education (Years of Schooling), and Standard of Living (GNI per capita).