The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. It was developed by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and is published annually by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
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Statement 1 is Incorrect: The HDI measures average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development:
- A long and healthy life: Measured by life expectancy at birth.
- Knowledge (Education): Measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling.
- A decent standard of living: Measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (PPP US$).
- Statement 2 is Correct: The health component of the HDI is determined solely by Life Expectancy at Birth. It does not use the nutritional status of adults as an indicator. Nutritional status is often used in other indices like the Global Hunger Index or the Multidimensional Poverty Index.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The HDI is used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its Human Development Reports. The World Bank classifies countries into income groups (low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income) primarily based on Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, not the HDI.
Key Takeaway: The HDI is published by the UNDP and focuses on three dimensions: Health (Life Expectancy), Education (Years of Schooling), and Standard of Living (GNI per capita). It is distinct from the World Bank's income-based classification.