Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The health infrastructure in India operates within a federal framework where responsibilities are divided between the Union and State governments. While "Public Health and Sanitation" is primarily a State subject, the Constitution provides mechanisms for coordination and shared legislative powers in specific areas.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct. The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare is an apex advisory body set up under Article 263 of the Constitution. Its mandate is to promote coordination and cooperation between the Centre and the States. The Union Government, through this Council, evolves broad policies and plans to guide the national health framework.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect. The subject "Adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods" is listed in the Concurrent List (List III, Entry 18) of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. This empowers both the Parliament and the State Legislatures to make laws regarding the adulteration of food and drugs. The Constitution does not restrict States from making laws on this subject; however, in case of a conflict with a Central law, the Central law generally prevails unless the State law has received the President's assent.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The health infrastructure in India is pluralistic, comprising the public sector, private sector, and the voluntary sector. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and voluntary agencies play a critical role in delivering healthcare services, especially in community health, awareness generation, and reaching marginalized populations. They are officially recognized as integral components of the health infrastructure.
Key Takeaway
Health Federalism: While public health is a State subject, policy coordination is managed centrally (e.g., via the Central Council of Health), and specific regulatory aspects like food and drug adulteration fall under the Concurrent List, allowing both Centre and States to legislate.