Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Infrastructure development is structurally linked to the stage of economic growth. As an economy transitions from low-income (agrarian) to high-income (industrial and service-based), the composition of required infrastructure shifts from basic physical inputs to energy-intensive and communication-based networks.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Low-income countries primarily depend on the agricultural sector for GDP and employment. Consequently, basic infrastructure that directly supports primary activities, such as irrigation and rural connectivity, is of higher priority and relevance than advanced service-related infrastructure.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: As economies mature, structural transformation occurs, shifting dominance from the primary sector to the secondary and tertiary (service) sectors. The growth of the service sector necessitates a significant expansion in service-related infrastructure, such as transport, banking, and telecommunications, rather than a decrease.
- Statement 3 is Correct: High-income countries are characterized by advanced industrial and service sectors, which are energy-intensive and information-driven. Therefore, the share of power generation and telecommunication infrastructure is significantly greater in these economies compared to low-income nations.
Key Takeaway
Infrastructure requirements are dynamic: low-income economies prioritize basic inputs like irrigation, while high-income economies rely heavily on power and telecommunications to support industrial and service sectors.