Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The "Haripura Posters" are a celebrated series of paintings created by the renowned artist Nandalal Bose for the 1938 Haripura Session of the Indian National Congress. Commissioned by Mahatma Gandhi, these works were designed to reflect the ethos of the nationalist movement and the spirit of rural India.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The subject matter of these posters focused entirely on the ordinary rural population. Bose depicted figures engaged in daily chores and professions, such as musicians (drummers), farmers tilling land, hunters, carpenters, and women cooking. This aligned with Gandhi's vision of centering the freedom struggle around the village and the common man.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The technique was a conscious departure from European oil painting traditions and academic realism. Bose employed indigenous materials, using handmade paper mounted on cloth and natural mineral pigments (tempera). The artistic style drew inspiration from the bold lines and flat colors of Bengal folk art (specifically Kalighat pats) and the classical heritage of Ajanta, rather than Western methods.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The primary purpose of these paintings was to decorate the venue of the Congress session. They were placed on the bamboo gates and panels of the temporary township built for the session, serving to beautify the political gathering with culturally rooted imagery.
Key Takeaway: The Haripura Posters (1938) by Nandalal Bose utilized indigenous techniques and folk-inspired styles to depict the dignity of rural labor, rejecting European materials like oil paints.