Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Kala Bhavana, the Institute of Fine Arts at Visva-Bharati University, Shantiniketan, was established in 1919. It represents a significant shift in Indian art history, fostering "Contextual Modernism" by rejecting rigid European academic realism in favor of a vocabulary rooted in Indian and Asian traditions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Kala Bhavana was founded by Rabindranath Tagore in 1919. It is widely recognized as India's first national art school because it was established independently of the British colonial government's art schools, aiming to create an indigenous artistic identity.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Nandalal Bose was not banned from the institution; on the contrary, he was invited by Rabindranath Tagore to lead it. He served as the first principal (Acharya) of Kala Bhavana and was instrumental in shaping its pedagogical vision for several decades.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The curriculum at Kala Bhavana was distinctively open and experimental. It encouraged students to study and integrate diverse influences, including Indian folk art forms, classical heritage (such as Ajanta and Bagh murals), and Far Eastern brush techniques, creating a synthesis of tradition and modernity.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Kala Bhavana, established by Rabindranath Tagore and shaped by Nandalal Bose, pioneered an alternative art education in India that blended classical, folk, and pan-Asian influences to counter colonial academic art.