The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Green Revolution in India, launched in the mid-1960s under the guidance of scientists like M.S. Swaminathan, introduced High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and improved irrigation to achieve food self-sufficiency.Statement 1 is Correct: The initial phase of the Green Revolution (late 1960s) saw a dramatic increase primarily in the production of wheat. The introduction of Mexican semi-dwarf wheat varieties led to such a significant surge in output that this phase is often specifically referred to as the "Wheat Revolution." Success in rice and other crops occurred in later stages.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: To officially record and celebrate the impressive strides in agriculture, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi released a special postage stamp in July 1968. However, this stamp was entitled ‘Wheat Revolution’, not ‘Rice Revolution’, reflecting the specific crop that drove the initial success.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: The benefits of the Green Revolution were not uniform across the country. The increase in foodgrain production was heavily concentrated in regions with assured irrigation, specifically Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh. Other states, particularly in Eastern and Southern India, did not witness a comparable rise in production during the initial years.
Key Takeaway: The early phase of the Green Revolution was characterized by regional disparities (favoring North-West India) and crop-specific success (favoring wheat over rice and pulses).