NCERT Class 11 Economics — Chapter 8: Infrastructure

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With reference to the "Global Burden of Disease (GBD)", what does the term "disability" refer to in this context?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

ANumber of years spent in a state of ill-health owing to a disease.
BPercentage of population with permanent physical impairments.
CPhysical handicap present from birth.
DInability to find employment due to health reasons.

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Solution

The correct option is Number of years spent in a state of ill-health owing to a disease..

Explanation

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is a comprehensive regional and global assessment of mortality and disability from major diseases, injuries, and risk factors. The primary metric used to quantify this burden is the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY).

Analysis of the Term "Disability":
In the context of the GBD framework and DALYs, the definition of "disability" is specific and distinct from common usage:

Broader Definition: It does not refer exclusively to physical handicaps, permanent impairments, or unemployment (eliminating options a, c, and d).
Health Loss: "Disability" refers to any short-term or long-term loss of health. It encompasses the impact of acute and chronic conditions, including mental disorders, pain, and fatigue.
Measurement (YLD): It is quantified as Years Lived with Disability (YLD). This component measures the burden of non-fatal health outcomes, representing the equivalent years of healthy life lost due to living in a state of ill-health.

Key Takeaway:
One DALY represents the loss of the equivalent of one year of full health. It is calculated as the sum of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) due to ill-health.

Your note

More from Chapter 8: Infrastructure

With reference to the "Three-Tier System" of health infrastructure, which of the following is NOT a function of the Primary Health Centre (PHC)?

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From a governance and regulatory perspective, losses in State Electricity Boards arise due to multiple reasons. Which of the following is not given below ?

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The term "Global Burden of Diseases (GBD)" is best defined as:

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With reference to the relationship between infrastructure and economic development, consider the following statements: 1. For low-income countries, basic infrastructure like irrigation is more important than service-related infrastructure. 2. As economies mature, the requirement for service-related infrastructure decreases significantly. 3. The share of power and telecommunication infrastructure is generally greater in high-income countries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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With reference to the challenges in India's power sector, consider the following statements: 1. The installed capacity to generate electricity is sufficient to feed an 8 % annual economic growth. 2. State Electricity Boards (SEBs) incur losses due to transmission and distribution losses and wrong pricing. 3. Thermal power plants in India often face shortages of raw material and coal supplies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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The correct option is Number of years spent in a state of ill-health owing to a disease..

Explanation

Analysis of the Term "Disability":
In the context of the GBD framework and DALYs, the definition of "disability" is specific and distinct from common usage:

Broader Definition: It does not refer exclusively to physical handicaps, permanent impairments, or unemployment (eliminating options a, c, and d).
Health Loss: "Disability" refers to any short-term or long-term loss of health. It encompasses the impact of acute and chronic conditions, including mental disorders, pain, and fatigue.
Measurement (YLD): It is quantified as Years Lived with Disability (YLD). This component measures the burden of non-fatal health outcomes, representing the equivalent years of healthy life lost due to living in a state of ill-health.