Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Earth is composed of three major domains: the Lithosphere (solid earth), the Atmosphere (gases), and the Hydrosphere (water bodies). These domains are not isolated; they interact within a narrow zone known as the Biosphere, which sustains life. This interaction creates a complex system of interdependence.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere constantly interact with one another. This interaction is fundamental to Earth's processes, such as the water cycle, weathering of rocks, and the sustenance of life in the biosphere.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Because the domains are interconnected, a change in one often affects the others. For example, deforestation (affecting the biosphere and lithosphere) can lead to soil erosion (lithosphere) and reduced rainfall or increased carbon dioxide levels (atmosphere).
- Statement 3 is Correct: The discharge of industrial or domestic waste into water bodies (hydrosphere) alters the water's quality. This pollution renders the water unsuitable for human use and can harm aquatic ecosystems, demonstrating the impact of human activity on Earth's domains.
Key Takeaway: The Earth's domains function as an integrated system where the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere are dynamically linked, and disturbances in one sector can have cascading effects on the others.