Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Development is a subjective concept involving progress and improvement in the quality of life. Because individuals and groups occupy different socio-economic positions, their aspirations and definitions of development often differ, leading to varied and sometimes conflicting goals.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Developmental goals vary because people have different life situations. For instance, a landless rural labourer may prioritize better wages and more work days, while a prosperous farmer may prioritize higher crop prices and cheap labour. Aspirations are shaped by individual needs and circumstances.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Developmental goals are not always compatible. What constitutes development for one individual or group may be destructive for another. Conflicting goals arise when resources are scarce or when the method of achieving progress for one section of society negatively impacts another.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The construction of dams is a classic example of conflicting developmental goals. Industrialists may support dams for electricity generation and water supply to factories. Conversely, tribals and local communities often oppose them because such projects submerge their lands, disrupt their livelihoods, and cause displacement.
Key Takeaway: Development is not neutral; different persons can have different developmental goals, and these goals may be conflicting. What is development for one may be destruction for the other.