The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Health is a holistic concept that extends beyond the biological state of the body. In the context of human capital formation and public policy, health is viewed as a fundamental asset that determines an individual's quality of life and economic productivity.
Statement 1 is Correct: Health is universally defined (e.g., by the World Health Organization) not merely as the absence of disease or infirmity, but as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It acts as a comprehensive yardstick for assessing an individual's overall welfare.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The efficiency of workers is directly related to their health status. Good health enhances physical stamina, cognitive ability, and immunity, thereby increasing labor productivity. Conversely, poor health reduces efficiency and hinders economic output.
Statement 3 is Correct: Health is the indispensable basis for realizing one's potential. It empowers individuals to acquire skills, work effectively, and fight illness, enabling them to achieve their personal and professional goals.
Key Takeaway: Health is a multidimensional state of well-being that is intrinsically linked to human capital formation, directly influencing productivity and the ability of individuals to realize their full potential.