The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a philosophy and development index that guides the government of Bhutan. It measures the collective happiness and well-being of a population, emphasizing that sustainable development should take a holistic approach towards notions of progress and give equal importance to non-economic aspects of well-being.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: GNH encourages a holistic view of development that integrates spiritual, non-material, and qualitative aspects of life alongside economic growth. It prioritizes psychological well-being, health, education, and cultural resilience.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: GNH does not imply that material progress is the only determinant of happiness. Instead, it challenges the conventional reliance on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by asserting that material wealth is just one component of overall well-being, not the sole driver.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: GNH does not reject technological developments or modernization. Rather, it advocates for balancing material and technological advancement with environmental sustainability and cultural preservation. It seeks to ensure that modernization does not come at the cost of happiness or ecological stability.
Key Takeaway:
Gross National Happiness (GNH) distinguishes itself from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by valuing environmental conservation, cultural preservation, and good governance equally with sustainable socio-economic development.