Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Development is a multidimensional process that encompasses not only economic growth (increase in income) but also the improvement of the overall quality of life. This includes a combination of material resources and non-material factors such as freedom, security, and dignity.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Material goods, such as money and the physical assets it can purchase, are fundamental factors for survival and comfort. They constitute one of the primary components upon which the standard of living and quality of life depend.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Income is a crucial indicator of development, but it is not sufficient to measure human well-being comprehensively. Income-based measures fail to capture non-material aspects such as freedom, equal treatment, security, and respect for others, which are equally vital for a meaningful life.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Developmental goals often involve a mix of aspirations. While a high salary provides material comfort, the absence of job security creates uncertainty and anxiety. This lack of security can diminish an individual's sense of freedom and overall well-being, demonstrating that income alone does not guarantee a high quality of life.
Key Takeaway:
Development is not solely about rising income; it requires a holistic approach where quality of life is determined by both material goods and non-material factors like security, freedom, and equal treatment.