The correct Answer is 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation
The question pertains to the architectural features of ancient Indian rock-cut caves, specifically focusing on the cave tradition in Western India. These caves, primarily Buddhist, include chaitya halls (prayer halls) and viharas (monasteries), exhibiting distinct structural characteristics.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Apsidal vault-roof chaitya hall : Ajanta
- Correct. Ajanta caves, particularly Cave 10 and Cave 9, feature apsidal vault-roof chaitya halls. These early chaitya halls are characterized by a semi-circular apse at one end and a vaulted roof.
- Apsidal vault-roof pillarless hall : Thana-Nadsur
- Correct. The chaitya hall at Thana-Nadsur is notable for its apsidal plan and vault-roof, and it is indeed pillarless, representing a specific architectural style.
- Flat-roofed quadrangular hall : Kondivite
- Correct. Kondivite (Mahakali) caves include chaitya halls that are quadrangular in plan with flat roofs, distinguishing them from the more common apsidal or vaulted chaityas.
- Double-storeyed vihara : Junnar
- Incorrect. While Junnar has numerous viharas, the prominent double-storeyed viharas are found at Ajanta (e.g., Cave 6, 11, 16, 17) and Karla, not typically associated with Junnar in this specific architectural context. Junnar caves are known for their large number and variety, but double-storeyed viharas are not a defining feature there in the same way as at Ajanta or Karla.
Key Takeaway
Understanding the specific architectural features (e.g., apsidal, vault-roof, pillarless, flat-roofed, double-storeyed) and their association with particular cave sites (Ajanta, Thana-Nadsur, Kondivite, Junnar) is crucial for identifying different styles within the Western Indian rock-cut cave tradition.