The famous sculpture of the Seated Buddha from Sarnath is carved using:

The correct option is Chunar Sandstone.

Explanation

The Seated Buddha from Sarnath is a quintessential masterpiece of the Sarnath School of Art, which reached its zenith during the Gupta Period (4th-6th century CE). This school is renowned for its distinct stylistic features, spiritual serenity, and specific choice of material.

Analysis:

• Chunar Sandstone is Correct: The Sarnath School of Art exclusively utilized cream-colored Chunar sandstone. The Seated Buddha, depicting the Dharmachakrapravartana (turning of the wheel of law), is carved from this specific material. It is characterized by a smooth, polished surface and the absence of elaborate drapery folds, giving the figure a transparent, ethereal quality.
• Red Sandstone is Incorrect: Red Sandstone (often spotted) was the hallmark of the Mathura School of Art. While the Mathura School influenced the Sarnath style, the materials used are distinct.
• Granite is Incorrect: Granite was primarily used in the rock-cut and structural temple architecture of South India (e.g., by the Pallavas and Cholas), rather than for Gupta-era sculptures in the Gangetic plains.
• Marble is Incorrect: Marble was not the primary medium for Gupta sculptures. It became prominent in later periods, notably in the Dilwara Temples (Mount Abu) and Mughal architecture.

Key Takeaway:

The Sarnath School of the Gupta period is identified by the use of Chunar Sandstone and plain, transparent drapery, whereas the Mathura School is identified by Spotted Red Sandstone.