The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Sawai Raja Jai Singh II of Amber (1699–1743) was a distinguished Rajput ruler, statesman, and astronomer who played a significant role during the disintegration of the Mughal Empire. He is renowned for his contributions to town planning and scientific advancements in astronomy.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Sawai Jai Singh II founded the city of Jaipur in 1727 to replace Amber as his capital. The city was meticulously planned based on the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra, with the assistance of the architect Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. It is celebrated for its grid-like street structure and uniformity.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Jai Singh II was appointed as the Governor (Subedar) of Agra in 1722 and later served as the Governor of Malwa multiple times (1714, 1729, and 1732). He was never appointed as the Governor of Bengal; during this period, Bengal was effectively ruled by Murshid Quli Khan and his successors.
Statement 3 is Correct:
A keen astronomer, Jai Singh II constructed five astronomical observatories, collectively known as Jantar Mantars, to study the movement of celestial bodies. These were built in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. The Jaipur observatory is the largest and best-preserved among them.
Key Takeaway:
Sawai Jai Singh II is best remembered for founding the planned city of Jaipur and establishing five Jantar Mantar observatories across North India. Politically, he held the governorships of Agra and Malwa, not Bengal.