Which one of the following cities emerged as a prominent commercial centre under the patronage of the Holkar dynasty?

The correct option is

Indore

Explanation

Following the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of the Maratha Confederacy in the 18th century, prominent Maratha families (Sardars) established semi-independent principalities in Central and Western India. The Holkar dynasty was one such prominent house that ruled over the Malwa region.

Historical Analysis:

• Indore (Correct): The city of Indore emerged as a major commercial and political centre under the patronage of the Holkar dynasty. While the dynasty was founded by Malhar Rao Holkar, the city saw significant development and prosperity, particularly under the administration of Ahilyabai Holkar (though she ruled from Maheshwar, she heavily patronized Indore, transforming it into a trade hub).
• Ujjain: This ancient city served as the initial capital of the Scindia (Shinde) dynasty before they shifted their capital to Gwalior in 1810. It was not the primary commercial centre developed by the Holkars.
• Nagpur: This city was the seat of the Bhonsle dynasty of Marathas.
• Baroda: This city was the capital and commercial centre under the Gaekwad dynasty.

Key Takeaway:
The Maratha Confederacy was divided among key families with distinct capitals: Holkars (Indore), Scindias (Gwalior/Ujjain), Gaekwads (Baroda), Bhonsles (Nagpur), and the Peshwas (Pune).