The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Food contains various components called nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals) which are necessary for the body. In addition to these nutrients, the body requires dietary fibres and water to maintain physiological functions.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Dietary fibres, also known as roughage, are mainly provided by plant products in the diet (e.g., whole grains, pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits, and vegetables). Although roughage does not provide any nutrient to the human body, it is an essential component of food. It adds bulk to the diet and assists the body in getting rid of undigested food, thereby preventing constipation.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Water is vital for life processes. It helps the body absorb nutrients from food and facilitates the excretion of wastes such as urine and sweat. Furthermore, water plays a critical role in regulating body temperature through processes like perspiration and evaporation.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: A balanced diet provides all the required nutrients, roughage, and water in the right quantities. This does not necessitate expensive food materials. A balanced diet can be achieved through affordable, locally available foods such as pulses, groundnuts, soybeans, sprouted seeds, fermented foods, and seasonal vegetables.
Key Takeaway:
While dietary fibres (roughage) and water do not provide energy or building blocks like proteins and carbohydrates, they are indispensable for digestion, waste elimination, and thermoregulation.