The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
In the context of Human Development, Empowerment refers to the power to make choices. It is one of the four pillars of human development, alongside Equity, Sustainability, and Productivity. It emphasizes the freedom and capability of individuals to influence the processes that affect their lives.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Empowerment does not refer to the strict control of choices by the state. Instead, it refers to the freedom to make choices. Strict control by the state would curtail individual agency, whereas empowerment aims to expand the range of choices available to people.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Empowerment is derived from increasing freedom and capability. When people have the capability (through education, health, and resources) and the freedom to act, they are empowered to make decisions that improve their lives.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Good governance and people-oriented policies are essential prerequisites for empowerment. To empower people, especially those from marginalized groups, the state must ensure an enabling environment free from social and economic disadvantages.
Key Takeaway:
Empowerment in human development is defined as the power to make choices, which arises from increasing freedom and capability, requiring supportive governance and policies rather than state control.