With reference to 'Drumlins', consider the following statements: 1. They are smooth oval-shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till. 2. The long axes of drumlins are perpendicular to the direction of ice movement. 3. The 'stoss' end of the drumlin is blunter and steeper than the 'tail' end. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The correct option is 1 and 3 only. Explanation Drumlins are smooth, oval-shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till. They are classified as depositional landforms formed by the action of glaciers. These features often appear in clusters, creating a landscape described as "basket of eggs" topography. Statement-wise Analysis - Statement 1 is Correct: Drumlins are indeed smooth, oval-shaped, or elongated hills composed primarily of glacial till (unsorted sediment deposited directly by glacial ice), along with some masses of gravel and sand. They resemble an inverted spoon or a half-buried egg. - Statement 2 is Incorrect: The long axes of drumlins are aligned parallel to the direction of ice movement, not perpendicular. Because of this alignment, drumlins are useful indicators of the direction of past glacial flow. - Statement 3 is Correct: A drumlin has a distinct asymmetrical profile. The stoss end (the side facing the oncoming ice) is blunter and steeper. The tail end (the lee side) tapers off gently in the direction of the ice flow. Key Takeaway: Drumlins are glacial depositional features made of till, with their long axes parallel to the ice flow; the steeper, blunt end points upstream (stoss), while the gentle, tapered end points downstream (tail).

NCERT Class 11 Geography — Chapter 5: Landforms and Their Evolution

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With reference to 'Drumlins', consider the following statements:

They are smooth oval-shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till.
The long axes of drumlins are perpendicular to the direction of ice movement.
The 'stoss' end of the drumlin is blunter and steeper than the 'tail' end.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 and 3 only
B1, 2 and 3
C1 and 2 only
D2 only

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Solution

The correct option is 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Drumlins are smooth, oval-shaped ridge-like features composed mainly of glacial till. They are classified as depositional landforms formed by the action of glaciers. These features often appear in clusters, creating a landscape described as "basket of eggs" topography.

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: Drumlins are indeed smooth, oval-shaped, or elongated hills composed primarily of glacial till (unsorted sediment deposited directly by glacial ice), along with some masses of gravel and sand. They resemble an inverted spoon or a half-buried egg.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The long axes of drumlins are aligned parallel to the direction of ice movement, not perpendicular. Because of this alignment, drumlins are useful indicators of the direction of past glacial flow.
Statement 3 is Correct: A drumlin has a distinct asymmetrical profile. The stoss end (the side facing the oncoming ice) is blunter and steeper. The tail end (the lee side) tapers off gently in the direction of the ice flow.

Key Takeaway: Drumlins are glacial depositional features made of till, with their long axes parallel to the ice flow; the steeper, blunt end points upstream (stoss), while the gentle, tapered end points downstream (tail).

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The correct option is 1 and 3 only.

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: Drumlins are indeed smooth, oval-shaped, or elongated hills composed primarily of glacial till (unsorted sediment deposited directly by glacial ice), along with some masses of gravel and sand. They resemble an inverted spoon or a half-buried egg.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The long axes of drumlins are aligned parallel to the direction of ice movement, not perpendicular. Because of this alignment, drumlins are useful indicators of the direction of past glacial flow.
Statement 3 is Correct: A drumlin has a distinct asymmetrical profile. The stoss end (the side facing the oncoming ice) is blunter and steeper. The tail end (the lee side) tapers off gently in the direction of the ice flow.