With reference to the stages of landscape development by running water, consider the following statements: 1. In the youth stage, streams are few with poor integration and flow over original slopes. 2. In the mature stage, waterfalls and rapids dominate the landscape. 3. In the old stage, divides are sharp and steep. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Option The correct option is 1 only Explanation The evolution of landscapes by running water is typically described through three stages of development: Youth, Mature, and Old. These stages reflect the changing dominance of vertical erosion, lateral erosion, and deposition as the river profile adjusts to the base level. Statement-wise Analysis - Statement 1 is Correct: In the youth stage, streams are relatively few and poorly integrated. They flow over the original slopes, creating shallow V-shaped valleys. Floodplains are generally absent or very narrow, and the stream divides are broad and flat with marshes or swamps. - Statement 2 is Incorrect: Waterfalls and rapids are primary characteristics of the youth stage, where local relief is high and vertical erosion is dominant. In the mature stage, the river gradient reduces, vertical erosion decreases, and lateral erosion increases; consequently, waterfalls and rapids disappear. - Statement 3 is Incorrect: In the old stage, the landscape is reduced to a low-lying plain (peneplain). The divides are broad and flat, not sharp or steep. Sharp and steep divides are characteristic of the youth and early mature stages, where dissection is active. Key Takeaway Key Takeaway: The Youth stage is defined by vertical erosion, V-shaped valleys, and waterfalls. The Mature stage is marked by lateral erosion and valley widening. The Old stage is characterized by deposition, broad flat divides, and the formation of a peneplain.

With reference to the stages of… - NCERT Class 11 Geography MCQ

NCERT Class 11 Geography — Chapter 5: Landforms and Their Evolution

mcqmedium

With reference to the stages of landscape development by running water, consider the following statements:

In the youth stage, streams are few with poor integration and flow over original slopes.
In the mature stage, waterfalls and rapids dominate the landscape.
In the old stage, divides are sharp and steep.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

NCERT textbook question

From NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography · Page 48

Options

A1 and 3 only
B1 only
C2 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

Correct Option

The correct option is

1 only

Explanation

The evolution of landscapes by running water is typically described through three stages of development: Youth, Mature, and Old. These stages reflect the changing dominance of vertical erosion, lateral erosion, and deposition as the river profile adjusts to the base level.

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: In the youth stage, streams are relatively few and poorly integrated. They flow over the original slopes, creating shallow V-shaped valleys. Floodplains are generally absent or very narrow, and the stream divides are broad and flat with marshes or swamps.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: Waterfalls and rapids are primary characteristics of the youth stage, where local relief is high and vertical erosion is dominant. In the mature stage, the river gradient reduces, vertical erosion decreases, and lateral erosion increases; consequently, waterfalls and rapids disappear.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: In the old stage, the landscape is reduced to a low-lying plain (peneplain). The divides are broad and flat, not sharp or steep. Sharp and steep divides are characteristic of the youth and early mature stages, where dissection is active.

Key Takeaway

Key Takeaway: The Youth stage is defined by vertical erosion, V-shaped valleys, and waterfalls. The Mature stage is marked by lateral erosion and valley widening. The Old stage is characterized by deposition, broad flat divides, and the formation of a peneplain.

Your note

More from Chapter 5: Landforms and Their Evolution

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