The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
Coastal landforms are classified into erosional and depositional types based on the dominant geomorphic process. Depositional landforms result from the accumulation of sediments like sand, gravel, and shingle by sea waves and currents.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: An off-shore bar is a ridge of sand and shingle formed in the sea in the off-shore zone, lying approximately parallel to the coast. These ridges are often submerged or visible only during low tides.
- Statement 2 is Correct: When an off-shore bar grows due to the further addition of sand and becomes exposed above the water level, it is termed a barrier bar. The enclosed body of seawater situated between the barrier bar and the coast is called a lagoon. The lagoon refers to the water body, not the exposed sand ridge.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: A barrier bar that is attached to the headland of a bay at one end and projects into the sea is called a spit. A stack is a coastal erosional landform (an isolated pillar of rock), formed when the roof of a sea arch collapses.
Key Takeaway: Bars, barriers, spits, and lagoons are depositional features of coastlines, whereas cliffs, caves, arches, and stacks are erosional features.