The correct option is It strikes a balance between core values and flexibility to adapt to new circumstances..
Explanation
A constitution is described as a "living document" when it possesses the inherent capacity to evolve and adapt to changing socio-economic and political circumstances. It is not a static or closed book but a dynamic instrument that grows with the nation.Option Analysis
- It strikes a balance between core values and flexibility to adapt to new circumstances. is Correct: The Indian Constitution strikes a unique balance between rigidity and flexibility. It preserves core democratic values and the "Basic Structure" (rigidity) while allowing necessary modifications through the amendment process (flexibility) to address new challenges. This adaptability ensures its survival and relevance over time.
- It is constantly being rewritten by the judiciary. is Incorrect: While the judiciary plays a crucial role in interpreting the Constitution and expanding the scope of rights (e.g., Article 21), it does not "rewrite" the Constitution. The power to amend the text lies primarily with the Parliament under Article 368.
- It allows the President to change laws without Parliament's approval. is Incorrect: The President does not have the power to unilaterally change laws or the Constitution. While the President can promulgate ordinances when Parliament is not in session, these are temporary and require Parliamentary approval. Law-making is the domain of the Legislature.
- It has never been amended since its inception. is Incorrect: The Indian Constitution has been amended more than 100 times since its inception in 1950, proving that it is not static.
Key Takeaway
The Indian Constitution is a living document because it accepts the necessity of modifications according to changing needs through a synthesis of parliamentary amendments and judicial interpretations, without compromising its essential features.