The correct option is Archibold Carlleyle.
Explanation
The history of rock painting discovery in India dates back to the 19th century. Notably, the first discovery of rock paintings in the world was made in India, predating the discovery of the Altamira caves in Spain.
Detailed Analysis:
- Archibold Carlleyle: In 1867-68, Archibold Carlleyle discovered rock paintings at Sohagi Ghat in the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh. This is historically significant as it was the first documented discovery of rock paintings in India.
- V.S. Wakankar: He is a renowned archaeologist credited with the discovery of the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh in 1957. While Bhimbetka is the most famous site, it was not the first to be discovered.
- Alexander Cunningham: Known as the father of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), his work primarily focused on historical archaeology, stupas, and inscriptions rather than prehistoric rock art.
- Mortimer Wheeler: He served as the Director-General of the ASI in the 1940s and is best known for his systematic excavations of the Indus Valley Civilization sites, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
Key Takeaway:
Archibold Carlleyle was the first archaeologist to discover rock paintings in India at Sohagi Ghat (Mirzapur, U.P.) in 1867-68, twelve years before the discovery of Altamira in Spain.