The correct option is Chalcedony.
Explanation
Prehistoric rock paintings, particularly those found in sites like Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh), relied entirely on natural mineral pigments. These pigments were prepared by grinding stones and mixing the powder with water and binders such as animal fat, gum, or resin. The colors have survived for millennia due to the chemical reaction between the pigment and the rock surface.
Analysis of Pigment Sources
- Green: This pigment was typically obtained from Chalcedony, a green-colored mineral stone. In the context of Bhimbetka, green paintings often depict dancers and are considered to be from the Upper Palaeolithic or Mesolithic periods.
- Red: The most common color, used for hunters and warriors, was obtained from Haematite (Iron Oxide), locally known as Geru.
- White: This pigment was derived from Limestone.
- Blue: Lapis Lazuli is a source of blue pigment, but blue is notably absent or extremely rare in Indian prehistoric rock art. Lapis Lazuli was more commonly associated with later periods and trade (e.g., Harappan civilization).
Conclusion: Among the given options, Chalcedony is the specific source used for the green pigment found in prehistoric rock shelters.
Key Takeaway
Pigment Sources in Indian Prehistoric Art: Red is derived from Haematite (Iron Oxide), White from Limestone, and Green from Chalcedony.