Correct Option
The correct option is Lord Rippon.
Explanation
The evolution of local self-government in British India progressed through various stages, moving from nomination-based bodies to elected representatives. The resolution of 1882 marks a definitive structural shift towards decentralization and the introduction of the elective principle in local administration.
Historical Analysis
Lord Ripon (1880-1884) is credited with laying the foundations of local self-government in modern India. His famous Resolution of 1882 is widely regarded as the "Magna Carta" of local self-government. The key features of this initiative included:
- Establishment of Local Boards: It proposed the creation of local boards at the taluka and district levels.
- Elective Principle: It mandated that a large majority of the members of these local bodies should be non-officials, and these members should be elected wherever feasible.
- Chairman: It suggested that the chairman of these bodies should be a non-official to reduce official interference.
- Financial Independence: Local bodies were granted certain financial powers and sources of revenue to function effectively.
In contrast:
- Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) is associated with the introduction of railways, telegraphs, and the Doctrine of Lapse.
- Lord Curzon (1899-1905) is known for the Partition of Bengal and administrative centralization, often reducing the autonomy of local bodies (e.g., Calcutta Corporation Act, 1899).
- Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948) was the last Viceroy of India, overseeing the transfer of power and the partition of the country.
Key Takeaway: Lord Ripon is known as the "Father of Local Self-Government in India" for his 1882 resolution which introduced the concept of elected representatives in municipal bodies.